vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download

… a person will exert a high effort if he/she believes there is reasonable probability that the effort will lead to the attainment of an organizational goal, and the attainment of the organizational goal will become an instrument through which that person will attain his/her personal goals. People will work to optimize their personal benefits when given options.

What motivates people is different for each individual.

Behavior/Actions (work effort) is dictated by conscious choices.

People choose jobs based on their needs and past experiences.

The more effort required to meet the task goals, the more the employee may expect in return in order to be motivated enough to reach the desired acceptable outcome and performance levels.Įxpectancy theory makes four assumptions (Vroom, 1964)(Luneneburg, F.C.,2011):

The employee may wonder how this task helps them to achieve their own goals, with the level of motivation being tied to what they personally hope to achieve by completing the task. Expectancy Theory was proposed by Victor Vroom in his 1964 paper “Work and Motivation.” It differs slightly from other motivational theories (Like Herzberg and Maslow‘s theories) in that it doesn’t attempt to explain what motivates people but instead focuses on the related thought processes that can motivate people (Luneneburg, F.C.,2011).Įxpectancy Theory attempts to explain the thought process behind what an employee may be thinking when they work to complete a task and how it relates to their own motivation towards the completion of that task.

Vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download